Conflict and Peace Making in the Republic of Sudan Since 1991: A Horn of Africa Perspective School of International Relations University of International Business and Economics

This study examines the dynamics of conflict and peacemaking efforts in the Republic of Sudan from 1991 to the present through the lens of the Horn of Africa’s geopolitical context. By highlighting the interplay between Sudan’s in-ternal conflicts and regional instability, this study confirms the persistent challenges of achieving sustainable peace. The findings reveal that the period from 1991 onwards marks a transformative phase in Sudan’s political landscape, characterized by significant internal conflicts such as the Darfur crisis and the South Sudan secession. Despite various peace agreements, Sudan remains trapped in cycles of conflict due to unresolved ethnic, political, and economic issues. The study revealed achievements and shortcomings in Sudan’s peace-building journey by analyzing critical peace initiatives like the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the Juba Peace Agreement (JPA). The research uses qualitative methodology to systematically review the broader regional implications of Sudan’s conflicts and their impact on peace efforts in the Horn of Africa. The paper concludes with practical recommendations to foster sustainable peace by addressing root causes of conflict and promoting regional cooperation.