Formation of the yield of winter wheat varieties depending on their cultivation methods in the Nizhny Novgorod region

The results of studies of the cultivation (seeding rate) influence on the yield of winter wheat varieties conducted in the Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute in 2017-2021 are presented. The slightly better field germination rate of plants was determined on average in the varieties Moskovskaya 82 and Moskovskaya 39 – 70.2 and 69.0 % respectively. It was revealed that overwintering of plants of the studied culture was satisfactory in general, and the best result was in the Moskovskaya variety 82 – 7.60 points. It is shown that the snow mold varied in variants within the range of 2.04-2.32 points. The changes occurred depending on the seeding rates. It should be noted that the incidence of leaf diseases in winter wheat was generally insignificant. The prevalence of powdery mildew in most variants reached a significant value of76.3-92.2 %, and the intensity of the disease was low – 1.2–4.5 %. The prevalence of brown rust and septoria in the studied crops was less and amounted to 15.5–59.0 and 46.0–60.9 %, respectively. The intensity of these diseases was also insignificant – 0.3–6.2 % and 1.1–2.8 %, respectively. The sugar content varied in autumn and spring in different ways. The actual yield varied in the range of 6.74–8.07 t/ha. The yield varied depending on the seeding rates: at 6.0 mln germinating seeds it was 7.75 t/ha, at 4.5 mln – 7.40 t/ha, at 3.0 mln – 7.21 t/ha (NSR05 according to AB factors – 0.63). A significant reserve of resource saving of seed material (seeds) was identified. Nemchinovskaya 57, Moskovskaya 82, Moskovskaya 56 were noted as the most adapted varieties to environmental conditions with yields of 7.72; 7.68; 7.56 t/ha, respectively. The biological (potential) yield ranged 8.13 to 11.06 t/ha and the same varieties were distinguished.