Techniques of Creating an Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis Access: A Comprehensive Guide

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation is crucial for patients with end-stage renal disease requiring long-term hemodialysis, due to its superior long-term patency and lower complication rates compared to arteriovenous grafts. This paper presents detailed techniques and a step-by-step tutorial for AVF creation—including radiocephalic, brachiocephalic, and brachiobasilic fistulas—offering valuable insights for both novice and experienced surgeons.