Recent results on open heavy flavor production (pp, pPb, PbPb) from LHCb

Heavy quarks are produced in the early stages of heavy ion collisions due to their large mass, and subsequently traverse the entire QCD medium evolution. Open heavy flavors provide profound insights into the transport properties of the medium and the process by which quarks neutralize their color charge to form hadrons. In the LHCb experiment, fixed-target collisions cover an unexplored energy range that lies above that of previous fixed-target experiments but below the top RHIC energy for AA collisions. In $p$Pb collisions, heavy quarks are crucial for studying cold nuclear matter effects, which include the modification of nuclear parton distribution functions, energy loss in the nucleus, and other phenomena. These studies provide a baseline for interpreting PbPb measurements.