Histomorphological State of the Pulpodentin Complex During Permanent Teeth Eruption under Conditions of Ecological and Technogenic Stress

The timing, duration and quality of permanent teeth eruption are directly dependent on the morphological characteristics of dental tissues, whose formation is determined by the conditions of formation. The aim is a histomorphological study of the pulpodentin complex of a tooth during permanent teeth eruption in children and adolescents living under environmental and technogenic stress conditions. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the dental material of children and adolescents of Udmurtia at the age of 5 years (eruption beginning) and at the age of 14 years (eruption completed). The material was collected with the voluntary written consent of the child and his parents. Groups of children were formed based on the conditions of their residence in relatively prosperous settlements and areas with increased environmental and technogenic stress on the basis of data presented in the State Report «On the State of Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Udmurt Republic». Scientific research was approved by the Committee on Biomedical Ethics of the FSBEI of HE «Izhevsk State Medical Academy» under the Health Ministry of the Russian Federation (application № 391 dated 05.11.2013). Histological preparations of the pulpodentin complex were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrofuxin, photographed and subjected to a qualitative assessment. Results. The dental pulpodentin complex in children living under environmental and technogenic stress conditions at the time of permanent teeth eruption (5 years old) corresponded to the indicators of morphological maturity. Minor deviations were represented by single obliterated tubules, heterogeneity of the dentine layer, and the presence of fields with poorly calcified dentine. By the time when permanent teeth eruption was completed (14 years old), areas of reactive-altered dentin, zones of the basic substance dilution with a predominance of inter-tubular dentin, areas with alternating layers of mineralized dentin, uneven arrangement of dentine tubules, the presence of dilated blood microvessels with the phenomena of stasis of shaped elements were formed. Conclusions. Permanent teeth eruption in children and adolescents living under environmental and technogenic stress is accompanied by negative changes in the dental pulpodentin complex. Data on the peculiarities of pulp formation in adverse developmental conditions should be taken into account in pediatric dentistry in the treatment of children and developing the algorithm for preventive or corrective procedures.