Chemical and Biotechnological Processes Employed as Emerging Technologies for the Production and Stability of Bacteriocins

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria with promising potential for controlling pathogens in various fields. This study highlights recent advances in the research on bacteriocins, providing a comprehensive overview of emerging technologies applied to the production and stability of these compounds, as the use of alternative substrates and encapsulation techniques. In recent decades, significant efforts have focused on discovering novel molecules with broad-spectrum activity capable of combating both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, including clinically and industrially relevant pathogens. Recent studies explore strategies to optimize bacteriocin production, such as modifications in cultivation parameters aimed at reducing costs and increasing yield. Additionally, microencapsulation techniques have been widely discussed, emphasizing their role in enhancing the stability and efficacy of bacteriocins under adverse conditions. Finally, this article examines the potential applications of bacteriocins, highlighting their use as natural food preservatives, therapeutic alternatives for infection control, and bioactive agents in sustainable agriculture. These advancements establish bacteriocins as versatile agents with significant technological and economic impacts.