Predictors of Mild Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a formidable complication of pregnancy, leading in maternal and perinatal mortality in the world. Given the lack of effective treatments for preeclampsia and eclampsia and the limited availability of screening programs, it is necessary to further study possible biomarkers and develop new forecasting methods for timely preventive measures. The aim is to improve the possibilities of predicting preeclampsia by evaluating biomarker levels, medical history and clinical indicators to improve the management of pregnant women at high risk for the development of preeclampsia. Material and methods. The results of determining the levels of ADAM-12 (by ELISA), as well as indicators of standard biochemical screening of the first trimester of 180 pregnant women are presented. The main group included 19 patients with moderate preeclampsia. 38 women without preeclampsia were randomly included in the control group. The results of the study were processed in the StatTech 4.5.0 program. Results. Data have been obtained indicating that with moderate preeclampsia at 11-13 weeks, a higher level of ADAM-12 is determined. It was shown that PAPP-A levels in the main and control groups also had statistically significant differences. Important anamnestic risk factors such as a history of preeclampsia, the presence of previous hypertensive disorders and obesity were identified (p = 0.038, p = 0.021, p < 0.001, respectively). It has been shown that the risks of preeclampsia are higher in pregnant women over 28 years of age with a BMI above 23.8 and with an average blood pressure level of more than 86 mmHg. Conclusion. The results of identifying the risk of preeclampsia based on the proposed model with the determination of ADAM-12 levels, antenatal screening data (PAPP-A level) and risk factors can be used in clinical practice to predict and timely carry out preventive and curative measures.