Optimizing CZTS Solar Cell Performance with Advanced Layer Configurations Using SCAPS Simulation

This research analyzes the modeling of CZTS (Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide) solar cells, with a focus on advanced layer configuration and thermal management to improve operational efficiency. Using SCAPS-1D software, this investigation seeks to augment cell efficiency by fine-tuning the dimensions of absorptive layers, modifying buffer compositions, and adjusting other critical components. The study evaluates the role of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), specifically MoS₂ as the hole transport layer and ZnO as the window layer, in influencing open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc). Furthermore, the research delves into temperature-related effects, demonstrating that elevated temperatures lead to a decrease in Voc and Jsc attributable to bandgap narrowing and heightened recombination processes. Through the optimization of the thicknesses of the CZTS, MoS₂, and WSe₂ layers, this study elucidates the manner in which material adjustments influence Voc, Jsc, fill factor (FF), and overall efficiency (η). In addition, effective thermal management emerges as a critical factor, given that increased temperatures elevate recombination rates, thereby adversely affecting FF and efficiency. The results of this study provide essential information for increasing the performance, durability and stability of CZTS solar cells under various environmental conditions.