INTEGRATED COMPREHENSION OF HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE IN WHEAT: MOLECULAR, GENETIC, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OMICS PERSPECTIVES

Heat stress (HTS) being one of the most important abiotic factors affects wheat's growth, development and yield formation to some extent.This is particularly the case since heat stress is most likely to exert its negative effects during two of the plant's most developmental periodsflowering and grain fill.These lethal hazards require stabilization and wheat plants developed various physiological, biochemical and molecular defence mechanisms.Of these, heat stress responsive genes are the most important category of thermotolerant genes identified to date.Some of the genes and their regulation systems that are important in relation to heat stress are HSPs, HSFs and other typically stressresponsive gene in this review in wheat.Also, we outline recent discoveries in identifying and characterizing these genes with omics methods, and their potential applications to breed heat-resistant wheat varieties.Comprehending the intricate regulatory mechanisms and roles of heat stress genes can facilitate wheat's adjustment to worldwide climate fluctuations.