Resource-Efficient 4×4 S-Boxes Using Chaotic Map

The Internet of Things (IoT) relies on resourcelimited devices that require efficient cryptographic solutions for security. In block ciphers, S-Boxes play the most crucial role as they are the only nonlinear component. Designing efficient S-Boxes for IoT devices is essential. In this paper, chaotic maps have been applied to create 4x4 S-Boxes that are optimized for resource efficiency, requiring very few logic gates for implementation. Additionally, the cryptanalysis results demonstrate that these S-Boxes meet other main criteria such as nonlinearity (NL), Differential Approximation Probability (DP), Linear Approximation Probability (LP), Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC), and Bit Independence Criterion (BIC) when compared to alternative S-Boxes. The proposed S-Boxes can be used as replacements in existing algorithms that use 4x4 S-Boxes or in the development of new algorithms.