Unraveling the Interference Puzzle: A Comprehensive Analysis of Factors Contributing to Signal Degradation in Satellite-Based Navigation Systems in the Philippines

This study examines various forms of interference affecting Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in the Philippines, where tropical climates and environmental factors contribute to unique signal degradation challenges. Using data from the Philippine Active Geodetic Station (PAGeNet) network, the research analyzes GNSS data from multiple stations with advanced Python-based tools like PyRINEX for quality checks. Machine learning and statistical methods were applied to identify interference patterns, with a particular focus on cycle slips, ionospheric delays, and multipath effects. The results indicate the occurrence of cycle slips, especially from morning to midday, likely caused by atmospheric changes and satellite handovers. High ionospheric delays are linked to increased electron density, while multipath interference is significantly impacted by environmental factors such as vegetation and buildings. Time series analysis of signal strength reveals correlations with atmospheric conditions, emphasizing the importance of environmental monitoring. The study provides insights into enhancing GNSS robustness using dual-frequency receivers, advanced algorithms, and other tailored mitigation strategies to improve navigation system performance in the region.