Opportunities and Challenges in the Solar PV Supply Chain

Energy is the cornerstone of modern civilization, with solar energy, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, driving the renewable energy transition. By 2024, the global PV market exceeded 1,000 GW of installed capacity, highlighting its rapid growth and potential. The PV solar energy supply chain is central to this transition, involving raw material extraction, manufacturing, distribution, and installation of PV systems. This paper examines the PV supply chain, focusing on key components like raw material sourcing, PV cell and module production, and logistical challenges. Through a detailed literature review, the study identifies technological advancements, market trends, and barriers to sustainable growth. The methodology involves reviewing academic journals, industry reports, and market data to synthesize current knowledge and identify gaps. Preliminary results show advances in production efficiency and cost reduction, increasing solar energy’s accessibility and competitiveness. However, challenges persist, such as supply chain disruptions due to geopolitical tensions, raw material shortages, and environmental concerns about the PV lifecycle. Key findings stress the importance of risk management strategies, recycling technologies for PV systems, and supportive policy frameworks. Future research should focus on integrating advanced technologies, assessing environmental impacts, and exploring regulatory frameworks for sustainability and resilience in the PV supply chain. Addressing these issues will enhance the industry's growth and sustainability.