CRISPR Development and Application

Gene editing technology rapidly develop, addressing diseases that cannot be treated with conventional medical methods, nowadays, gene modification has become a hotspot of current research. A variety of methods utilizing DNA damage repair mechanisms to achieve targeted gene editing have gradually emerged. The CRISPR, which has been continuously optimized and improved since its development, has surpassed the previous two generations and become the third generation technology with more practical value., CRISPR technology compared to the previous two generations of technology have significant advancements in terms of application scope, specificity, and accuracy. CRISPR technology originates from bacteria themselves. As an acquired immune system of bacteria, it is used to identify intruding gene fragments and degrade them.The main content of this article includes the mechanism of CRISPR, functioning in bacteria and current popular classification methods for CRISPR systems. Focus on introducing, the delivery mode of CRISPR system in practical applications, like AAV, AdV or LV-based methods. And limitations of the current delivery mechanism and current development trends, that is to address the immunogenicity issues caused by viral vectors, researchers are continuously developing non-viral vectors. They have been made progress in many directions. It also introduces the current limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 itself. Especially addressing the issue of its high miss rate and the improvements made by scientists on this at present, such as developing high-fidelity variants of CRISPR/Cas9. In modern times, researchers have developed various artificial Cas9 variants that have similar functions to wild-type Cas9 and possess higher practical value.