Principal component analysis of the Serological response to Plasmodium Falciparum using a Multiplex bead-based assay in Nigeria
Characterization of serological responses to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is of interest to understand disease burden and transmission dynamics; however, their interpretation is challenging. Dried blood spots from 30,815 participants aged 6 months to 15 years from the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey were analyzed by multiplex bead-based assay to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) to Pf-stage-specific MSP-1, AMA-1, GLURPR0, LSA-1, and CSP. These IgG levels were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). PC1 and PC2 scores explained 41% and 17% of the total variance, respectively. PC1 unit vectors represented seropositivity. PC2 unit vectors for blood-stage antigens were in opposite directions to liver-stage and sporozoite antigens. PC2 scores were correlated with MSP-1 positively (R = 0.52, P < 0.001) and CSP negatively (R=-0.65, P < 0.001) and may help identify areas with prior exposure but higher risk for increased infections or epidemics. PCA of Pf serology can provide summary scores to possibly inform future programmatic interventions.
Authors
- Jonathan Schultz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-5333)
- Nwando Mba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-2354)
- Colleen M. Leonard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-693X)
- Eric Rogier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7375-8304)
- Chikwe Ihekweazu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0659-0833)
- Abiodun Ogunniyi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-9192)
- Laura C. Steinhardt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-9940)
- Oluwaseun Akinmulero
- Ayuba B. Dawurung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-3277)
- Nnaemeka Ndodo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-8311)
- Mateusz M. Pluciński (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-4625)
- Mary Okoli
- Dean Sayre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-2649)
- Perpetua Uhomoibhi
- McPaul Okoye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8745-8441)
- Nnaemeka C. Iriemenam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2187-8894)
- Ado Abubakar
- Scott Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-3777)
- Charles M. Heilig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-1310)
Institutions
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (US)
- Institute of Human Virology (NG)
- Epidemic Intelligence Service (US)
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NG)
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (US)
- Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2024-12-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74236-4
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Malaria Research and Control
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.09
Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
- World Health Organization
- UNICEF
- University of Washington
- U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation
- Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention