Exotic red flares on stars as the observational manifestation of the asteroids in exoplanet systems

The published data on exotic red flares (RFs) obtained using optical/IR photometry was for the first time gathered and discussed in this paper. To date, the RFs have been observed: (a) in IR space missions (1–2 yr long IR brightening observed using WISE/NEOWISE and Spitzer in NGC 2547-ID8, HD 166191, WD 0145+234, and some others systems); (b) in five optical systems with the normal stars (UU CrB, AZ Ori, FF Ori, IX Oph, CU Cnc; three of the five systems are binaries; seven single flares were observed in 1980–2009 having a 1-hour average duration, an amplitude up to $2^{\rm m}$, and an energy up to $10^{39}$ erg); (c) in three optical/hi-energy systems with a compact object (V404 Cyg, MAXI J1820+070, Swift J1858.6$-$0814; all the systems are binaries hosting a black hole or a neutron star as a component; a ``forest'' of tens of flares was observed, the flares having a subsecond duration, an amplitude up to $1\,.\!\!^{\rm m}6$, and an energy of the order of $10^{36}$ erg/s); (d) in the near-IR range in the 2MASS stars (hundreds of flares were found based on the statistical study of more then 1300 2MASS M dwarfs). The RFs are suggested to be produced by a collisional impact and destruction of asteroid-like bodies in exosystems. All the above data independently supports an idea that exotic red flares are actually a real and well-distributed phenomenon. Undoubtedly, the RFs serve more deeper and wider investigation, keeping in mind their direct connection to the manifestation of asteroids in exosystems.