Emergence of Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in mid-stream urine cultures of patients presenting in outpatient department of tertiary care hospital with uncomplicated cystitis (2016-2022)

The national guidelines offer an empirical treatment regimen for patients with uncomplicated cystitis. However, regional variations in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) complicate adherence to these guidelines. Our study supports the use of fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin in management of uncomplicated cystitis, However, ongoing annual regional surveillance is essential to keep clinicians informed about the latest trends in AMR.