STUDYING ANTHOCYANINS IN POTATO TUBERS (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE PRIMORSKY REGION

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a source of antioxidants. Important antioxidants are substances of phenolic nature (anthocyanins) from a large group of plant pigments. Anthocyanins belong to the class of flavonoids and are synthesized in the peel and pulp of potato tubers. Pigmented potatoes can serve as a potential source of natural anthocyanins in order to obtain dietary foods, 40 potato varieties from the bioresource collection and breeding nurseries. Identification of anthocyanins was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and second-order mass spectrometry. As a result of second-order mass spectrometry, seven different anthocyanins were detected in tubers: delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rhamnosyl-5-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rhamnosyl-5-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside.Petunidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside give the peel a purple and blue-violet color, pelargonidin-3-glucoside – pink and red. The genotypes that are sources of an increased content of anthocyanins have been identified: with pink skin – Kuznechanka (92.2 mg/kg), Pri-15-7-16 (87.4 mg/kg), Pri-15-41-8 (85.1 mg/kg); red peel – Mayak (108.7 mg/kg), Romanze – (57.6 mg/kg); purple skin – Gypsy Laura (115.4 mg/kg), Black Prince (183.1 mg/kg), Cornflower (195.0 mg/kg), Pri-15-12-14 (137.7 mg/kg) , At-14-52-2 (223.3 mg/kg); blue-violet skin – Violet (204.0 mg/kg). The selected group of variety samples is recommended for use in dietary nutrition and in targeted breeding crosses. Promising potato hybrids with a high content of anthocyanins were obtained: Pri-15-12-23 Purple potato × Manifest (in the skin – 292.6 mg/kg, pulp – 144.7 mg/kg), Pri-15-15-5 (Aspiya × Qusto) × Manifesto (107.4 and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively), Pri-15-15-7 (Aspia × Qusto) × Manifesto (73.6 and 1.6 mg/kg).