Inflammatory Status of Patients with Dental Implants of Different Microgeometry using ELISA: A Prospective Clinical Study

Abstract Aims: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), one of the most potent proinflammatory cytokines, plays a crucial role in bone resorption and inflammation. Its concentrations are pivotal in assessing the inflammatory responses around dental implants. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of IL-1β levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) among patients with dental implants of different microgeometries. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 patients who underwent dental implant placement in the mandibular first molar region between September 2020 and January 2021 were enrolled in this prospective study, following rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were categorized into three groups based on implant surface treatment: sandblasted acid-etched implants (SLA, n = 27; Group 1), SLActive implants ( n = 26; Group 2), and TiUnite implants ( n = 25; Group 3). IL-1β levels in the PICF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the third month and first year post-implantation. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-tests, were performed, with a P-value of less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: IL-1β levels in the PICF were significantly higher in Group 3 (TiUnite implants) compared to Groups 1 (SLA) and 2 (SLActive) (P < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons at the third month (P < 0.05) and first year (P < 0.05) showed significant differences between the groups. Additionally, intragroup analysis revealed a significant increase in IL-1β levels from the third month to the first year within each group ( P < 0.05) Conclusion: IL-1β concentrations in PICF were notably higher in patients with anodized implants (TiUnite), compared to those with sandblasted acid-etched implants (SLA and SLActive). These findings highlight the potential influence of implant surface treatment on peri-implant inflammation and bone resorption. Clinicians should consider implant surface treatment as a factor in managing inflammatory responses and ensuring long-term implant success. Future studies could explore the underlying mechanisms contributing to elevated IL-1β levels in anodized implants, and investigate the long-term effects of these surface treatments on bone healing and implant stability.