THE BASIC PROCESSING EFFECT ON AGROPHYTOCENOSIS AND WINTER CEREALS YIELD IN THE NORTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF THE TYUMEN REGION

The purpose of researh is to study the effect of the main tillage on the composition and components of agrophytocenosis and the yield of winter cereals in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen Region. The objectives of the study were to determine the impact of the main processing on the numerical composition of cultivated (winter cereals) and weeds, the degree of weeding, productivity. The study was carried out on the experimental plot of the Department of Agriculture of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals in the period 2020–2022. The soil is leached chernozem with a humus content of 6–8 %. It was determined that with a decrease in the intensity of the main processing for winter cereals from the moldboard to the minimum, the agrophytocenosis changed – the number of cultivated plants decreased and the number of weeds increased. For all periods of determination in terms of the number of cultivated of plants (379–548 pcs/m2), the moldboard main treatment (control) exceeded the non-moldboard and minimum by 1–27 and 17–42 pcs/m2, and by the number of weeds (0.9–37.2 pcs/m2) was inferior to them by 0.2–11.9 and 00.2–26.6 pcs/m2. The degree of clogging corresponded to weak and medium. It has been established that agrophytocenosis affected the yield of winter cereals, determined the best basic tillage (dumping), according to which the yield of winter cereals is 2.15–5.02 t/ha, with HCP05 = 0.08–0.77, with a deviation from the non-moldboard and minimum tillage by 0.22–0.83 and 0.29–1.07 t/ha.