Numerical 3D modeling of magnetic systems based on closed superconducting rings

Aim. To compare the magnetic characteristics and levitation force of single-cut and double-cut closed HTS rings. Methods. Numerical calculations were performed using the finite element method in the Comsol Multiphysics software. Results. The vertical magnetization profiles were obtained for single- and double-slit HTS rings magnetized under a gradient magnetic field and a permanent magnet's field. The normalized levitation force was analyzed based on the number of winding layers for both closed and nonclosed configurations. The nonclosed winding was found to generate the highest levitation force, namely 10% greater than that of a single-cut closed winding and nearly double that of a double-cut closed winding. Conclusion. Numerical models were developed to simulate the magnetization process of closed-loop elements made from second-generation HTS tapes in the gradient field of a permanent magnet. The modeling was performed using the finite element method with both the magnetic field strength (H-formulation) and A-formulation (magnetic vector potential). Closed HTS ring systems with single and double cuts were analyzed. The models were verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental data obtained through scanning Hall magnetometry.