Noise-Based Active Defense Strategy for Mitigating Eavesdropping Threats in Internet of Things Environments

Establishing robust cybersecurity for Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems poses significant challenges for system operators due to IoT resource constraints, trade-offs between security and performance, diversity of applications, and their security requirements, usability, and scalability. This article introduces a physical-layer security (PLS) approach that enables IoT devices to maintain specified levels of information confidentiality against wireless channel eavesdropping threats. This work proposes applying PLS active defense mechanisms utilizing spectrum-sharing schemes combined with fair scheduling and power management algorithms to mitigate the risk of eavesdropping attacks on resource-constrained IoT environments. Specifically, an IoT device communicating over an insecure wireless channel will utilize intentional noise signals transmitted alongside the actual IoT information signal. The intentional noise signal will appear to an eavesdropper (EVE) as additional noise, reducing the EVE’s signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and increasing the EVE’s outage probability, thereby restricting their capacity to decode the transmitted IoT information, resulting in better protection for the confidentiality of the IoT device’s transmission. The proposed communication strategy serves as a complementary solution to existing security methods. Analytical and numerical analyses presented in this article validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, demonstrating that IoT devices can achieve the desired levels of confidentiality.