Anxiety, mental health, job insecurity and workplace challenges: exploring the well-being of women gig workers in the gig economy

Purpose The rapid growth of the gig economy has reshaped the labor market and provided flexible work opportunities but also exposed gig workers to challenges such as job insecurity, anxiety and mental health concerns. For women gig workers, these challenges are often more pronounced due to the precarious nature of gig work and the lack of social protections. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 603 women gig workers across various sectors in India’s major metro cities. The survey used a combination of Likert scale and structured questionnaire to assess anxiety, mental health, job insecurity, workplace challenges and overall well-being, with reliability tests confirming internal consistency. Findings Descriptive statistics revealed moderate levels of anxiety, job insecurity and workplace challenges, with most respondents reporting relatively positive perceptions of well-being. Reliability analysis indicated satisfactory internal consistency across the survey constructs, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.774 to 0.789. Hypothesis testing showed significant negative correlations between anxiety, job insecurity, workplace challenges and well-being, indicating that higher levels of these stressors are associated with lower well-being. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and policy enhancements to improve the working conditions and support systems for women gig workers. Research limitations/implications The study highlights the need for tailored policies and interventions to address the unique challenges faced by women gig workers. Enhancing social protections, providing mental health support and ensuring safer working conditions could help improve their overall well-being. Originality/value This study adds to the limited literature on women gig workers in India by examining the specific factors influencing their well-being. It offers new insights into the intersection of gender and gig work, emphasizing the need for policy frameworks that better support this vulnerable workforce.