Clinical Insights into Semen Parameters of Men Reporting to Two Fertility Centres in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

Infertility, which is defined as the failure to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual activity, has a substantial impact on societal dynamics and frequently results in social stigma, especially against women. However, male infertility, which is defined as the inability of a male partner to impregnate a viable female, accounts for 30-40% of infertility cases. Genitourinary disorders such as varicocele, cryptorchidism, and testicular failure, and lifestyle factors like obesity, smoking, and alcohol intake are among the factors that contribute to male infertility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types and frequency of anomalies in the sperm of 100 men who attended two reproductive clinics in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Semen samples were collected, examined, and classified by WHO guidelines. People with leukocytospermia, reproductive tract infections, and genetic abnormalities were excluded. The most frequent abnormality was asthenozoospermia followed by oligoasthenozoospermia, whereas, teratoasthenozoospermia and oligoteratoasthenozoospermia were the least common, with no instances of isolated oligozoospermia or teratozoospermia. Considerable reductions in semen parameters were seen in certain infertility conditions when compared to normozoospermia. Sperm count, motility, and morphological defects showed moderate to strong correlations. Despite certain constraints, such as a limited sample size and exclusive emphasis on sperm analysis, the results offer a significant understanding of the subtle aspects of male infertility in the Indian subcontinent.