Evaluation of Antioxidant Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Kano, North Western Nigeria

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major global health concern, particularly in resource-limited settings like Nigeria. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and complications of various diseases, including infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis. This study explored the impact of Pulmonary Tuberculosis infection on the antioxidant mechanisms and the resulting redox imbalance in general. The specific objective was to determine the changes in antioxidant level by comparing the serum levels of Glutathione peroxidase, Vitamin C and Vitamin E between PTB patients and control group. Method: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 214 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 214 control group at AKTH. Blood samples were collected from both groups for the measurement of Glutathione peroxidase, vitamins C and E. Clinical and demographic data was obtained through structured questionnaires. Results were presented as mean and standard deviation. Mean serum levels were compared using T-test. Results: Both PTB patients and the control group were largely composed of individuals between the ages of 21 and 30 years with a mean age of 34 years and 31 years respectively. The average serum concentrations of Glutathione peroxidase, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E were significantly lower in the PTB patients (glutathione peroxidase: 218.4 ± 166.6ng/ml, Vitamin C: 6.4 ± 2.5µg/mL, and Vitamin E: 8.1 ± 1.6µg/mL) compared to the control group (glutathione peroxidase: 653.2 ± 368.6ng/ml, Vitamin C: 8.3 ± 3.8µg/mL, and Vitamin E: 12.7 ± 2.2µg/mL). Conclusion: In conclusion, the PTB patients exhibited lower serum levels of Glutathione peroxidase, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E, suggesting a compromised antioxidant defense mechanism. These insights contribute to our understanding of the oxidative stress dynamics in PTB and highlight the importance of comprehensive care strategies in managing the condition.