Perpendicularity Specification in Assembly for Function Designing a Machine Based on Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) by FEA Method

In the current designing and manufacturing machinery industry, the designing of high-precision assembly components with high-precision in perpendicular specification must be complied with the ASEM 14.5-2018 standard to control the geometric deviations of the components within the designer's requirements. The tolerance zones are defined by the designer, relying on experience in design and functional requirements of specific components. Resulting in the tolerance zone specification in the assembly of components may not coordinates with the designer's requirements. Analysing the assembly conditions between components will help designers to determine appropriate tolerance zones that suit the intended functional requirements of the components. In this research, the contact surfaces analysis during components assembly using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) demonstrates the damage caused by the geometric deviations of components A and B during assembly. The experiment is conducted with components under different perpendicular specification within the ASME 14.5-2018 boundaries. The results of deviation analysis on the contact surfaces of the components shows a strong correlation when controlled by size and Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). This helps designers better understand the suitable tolerance zones rating for the intended functionality requirements between components. The obtained results will facilitate the improvement in manufacturing processes and design with a higher precision for reducing the impacts of uncertainties in production and enhancing the overall quality of components or products.