Chemical constituents and antibacterial activities of Cameroonian dark brown propolis against potential biofilm-forming bacteria

Propolis is a resinous material collected by different bee species from various plant exudates and used to seal holes in honeycombs, smoothen the internal walls, embalm intruders, improve health and prevent diseases. From its <i>n</i>-hexane extract, eight compounds were isolated and characterised as: mangiferonic acid (<b>1</b>); 1-hydroxymangiferonic acid (<b>2</b>), new natural product; mangiferolic acid(<b>3</b>); 27-hydroxymangiferolic acid (<b>4</b>), reported here for the first time as propolis constituent; 27-hydroxymangiferonic acid (<b>5</b>); <i>α</i>-amyrin (<b>6</b>); <i>β</i>-amyrin (<b>7</b>) and lupeol (<b>8</b>). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, such as 1D and 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry and comparison with previous published reports. Compounds <b>6-8</b> and <i>n</i>-hexane extract were tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains using agar disc diffusion and macrodilution techniques. Interestingly, <i>n</i>-hexane extract and compounds <b>6-8</b> had good inhibitory activities against Methicillin Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and the clinical <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates. The biological effects of <i>n</i>-hexane extract and its fraction against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> 12 CM and MRSA revealed in the present study suggest that the Cameroonian dark brown propolis could be a potential alternative management of biofilms on medical devices and respiratory skin or infections.