Modeling the influence of selenium-containing biologically active substances on the yield of spring wheat with "copper" contamination of soils

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of selenium-containing biologically active substances on the yield as anti-stress adaptogens of spring wheat in relation to copper ions (+2). Experimental studies were carried out in 2021–2023 in the fields of OOO “FH “Demetra” Batraev Yu.I.”, which is located in the ordinary chernozem zone of the Volga region. Copper sulfate solutions were used, where the content of copper ions (+2) varied from 10-5% (0.01 MAC Cu+2) to 10-2% (10 MAC Cu+2), as well as selenium-containing biologically active substances: 2-phenyl-4-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-benzo-5,6-dihydroselenochromylium perchlorate (selenochromylium perchlorate - PSC) and 2-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-phenyl-7,8-benzo-5,6-dihydro-selenochromene (selenochromene - SC) at an optimal solution concentration of 10-4%. Modeling the effect of inoculation of spring wheat seeds with composite solutions of selenium-containing preparations and copper ions (+2) on the yield of spring wheat showed that positive results were obtained in the entire range of copper concentration variations during the study years. Even at high concentrations of copper ions (+2) (C = 10-2%) in solutions with PSC, the yield increased by 12.4–14.9%, in compositions with SC by 10.8–15.6%. At low concentrations of copper ions (+2) (C = 10-5%) in compositions with PSC, the yield increased by 11.6–17.7%, in the presence of SC by 7.4–16.8%. The most significant results were obtained with the copper ions (+2) content in the compositions in the range of 10-3–10-4%. The presence of PSC in the composition led to an increase in yield by 25.5–30.4%. The presence of SC gave an even more significant increase in the indicator – by 32.7–44.8%. During a three-year field experiment, a result was obtained indicating the ability of new selenium-containing biologically active substances not only to reduce, but to completely eliminate the toxic effect of copper ions (+2) in the range of 0.01–10 MAC.