Ecological plasticity of sunflower varieties and hybrids in the conditions of the Lower Volga region according to the characteristics of “oilseed yield” and “fat content”

To obtain high yields and other economically valuable traits, varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops must be characterized by high adaptability, which ensure full use of climatic and soil resources. The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Federal Agricultural Research Center for South-East Region in 2020-2023. The objects of the research were 22 sunflower genotypes bred by the center. The purpose of the research is to study the ecological plasticity of sunflower varieties and hybrids based on the traits of “oilseed yield” and “seed fat content”. As a result of the research, it was found out that, on average, the oilseed yield varied in the range of 2.21-3.00 t/ha. High yield (over 2.75 t/ha) had the variety Saratovsky 21 and simple hybrids PG 26?966, PG 32?935, PG 32?966, PG 16or.?50, PG 16u.?966. According to fat content (over 50.0%) with a minimum and maximum range of 38.8–54.1%, the varieties and hybrids Saratovsky 20, Saratovsky 21, YuV 1071 and hybrids PG 32?966, PG 3116?966, PG 16or.?966, PG 16u.?966 were distinguished. The regression coefficient bi varied from –0.40 to 4.44 for the “yield” feature and 0.48–1.96 for the “fat content” feature. Simple hybrids PG 3116?931 and PG 32?Cher.66 (bi >1) belong to the highly plastic intensive type according to the “yield” trait, and PG 26?931, PG 26?934, PG 26?50 – according to the “seed fat content” trait.