The influence of weather conditions on the yield of spring wheat depending on the degree of supply of mobile phosphorus in meadow chernozem-like soil in the Amur region

The results of studies in long-term inpatient experience conducted in 2019-2023 are presented. It has been established that with an increase in the supply of mobile phosphorus, the influence of negative weather factors on the grain yield of spring wheat decreases in the conditions of the Amur region. The weather conditions during the spring wheat growing season were difficult for plant growth and development. The exception is 2020, in which precipitation and heat were more evenly distributed throughout the growing season of the crop. Using the pair correlation method, it was revealed that with an increase in the supply of mobile phosphorus to crops, the relationship between yield and weather factors became weaker, which determines the leveling effect of phosphorus fertilizers on unfavorable weather conditions. The sum of precipitation (r = 0.57...0.45) and hydrothermal coefficient (r = 0.54...0.37) had a positive effect on the formation of wheat yield in the tillering-booting stage, regardless of the phosphorus level. When conducting multiple regression analysis in the “yield-total precipitation” and “yield-total temperature” models, it was found that the association of these indicators during the tillering-booting stage period was strong for all phosphate levels, however, a weakening of the relationship from low to high degree was noted supply of P2O5. The share of the sum of temperatures and precipitation was significantly higher in the unfertilized variant (69 and 63%, respectively). With an increase in the level of mobile phosphates in the soil, the share of weather factors decreased.