Screening of soybean varieties and lines in the conditions of the Saratov Left Bank

The article presents the results of studies of different soybean varieties and lines by the main economically valuable traits. According to the results of the studies, the following varieties were identified among the studied samples in terms of plant height that exceeded the standard: ES Komandor, ES Mentor and Slavia. The following lines were classified as tall: 3-22/132, 4-1/2, 4-1/5, 4-4/22, 4-5/29, 4-6/32, 4-7/140, 4-10/64, 4-12/69, 4-18/106, 4-25/156. In terms of the height of the lower bean, a reliable excess was found out in the following samples: ES Komandor, Kofu, Vezelitsa, 4-25/156, 4-24/141, 4-12/69, 4-14/79, 4-10/64, 4-1/2, 4-7/140, 4-21/122, 4-4 /22, 4-5/29. The analysis of the structure of biological yield of seeds showed that the samples ES Mentor, Slavia, Vezelitsa, 4-25/156, 4-24/141, 4-12/69, 4-27/160, 4-14/79, 4-1/2, 4-19/111, 4-9/54, 4-7/140, 4-21/122, 4-4/22, 3-22/132, 4-5/29, 4-6/32 formed its largest value. Based on the biochemical evaluation of soybean seeds, the following samples were identified with high protein content: Vezelitsa, 3-22/132, 4-5/29, 4-10/64, 4-12/12, 4-12/69, 4-21/122, 4-24/141, 4-25/148. In terms of fat content, the most interesting varieties are ES Komandor and Slavia, among the lines - 4-18/106, 4-25/156, 4-27/160, 4-12/68. High fiber content in soybean meal was noted in the ES Mentor variety and the 4-19/111 line. Statistical evaluation of the studied traits showed that the share of the studied traits in the seed yield of the studied soybean samples was 0.02%. The plant height parameters accounted for 5.5%, the height of the first bean attachment was 5.5%, the length of the internodes was 0.56%, the degree of plant lodging was 0.47%, and the number of plants for harvesting was 0.56%. The greatest contribution was noted for the following parameters: the number of beans (23.75%), the number of seeds per 1 plant (23.75%), the weight of seeds (33.03%), the weight of 1000 seeds (0.47%), the protein content (4.0%), the fat content (1.13%), the fiber (0.01%), and the nitrogen-free extractive substances (6.88%). The factor loadings of the studied traits were determined in the model soybean population.