Якісні властивості голозерного ячменю та успадкування забарвлення зерна

The Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS breeds naked food barleys, including those with pigmented caryopses and waxy starch. The strating material was obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine: accessions of the varieties nudum L. and daghestanicum Vav. et Orl. with gray-green caryopses, of the variety viride Vav. et Orl. with green caryopses, of the varieties violaceum Koern. and nudidubium Koern. with purple caryopses, of the varieties nigrinudum Vav. and nudimelanocrithum Giess. et al. with black caryopses, and line SGI 7024 with blue caryopses bred at the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigations. The sources of changed starch composition were Canadian naked cultivars ‘CDC Alamo’ (waxy), ‘Mebere’ (waxy), and ‘CDC Hilose’ (high amylose). It was found that the contents of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins depended on genotype and growing conditions, and these characteristics were consistently high in line ‘Violet 18-1207’ and cvs. ‘CDC Alamo’ and ‘CDC Hilose’. In our valuable line ‘Violet 18-1207’ (UA 0805977) of the variety nudidubium, not only caryopses are purple, but also all other parts of the plant are bright purple in the “earing-filling” phase. After ripening, the plant turns gray-lilac. The content of anthocyanins in grain is 0.260 relative units D530/g; the content of phenols is also high (1.04 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). Analysis of hybrid populations showed that, as a rule, a dark color was inherited by F1 and some accessions stably transmitted their caryopsis color over generations when participating in crossing as both the female and male forms. In F2 populations, segregation occurred by caryopsis color; the inheritance of caryopsis color in barley can be explained by interactions of non-allelic genes mainly via complementarity. In some populations, traits that were not intrinsic to parents and valuable for enriching starting materials for breeding were detected.