Результати багаторічної селекції безостих сортів ячменю в Україні

Findings of long-term research (2007-2024) conducted at the Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS of Ukraine, which resulted in the first in the country successful initiation and development of spring awnless barley breeding, are presented. Due to hybridization between diverse awnless and awny cultivars and lines, five registered awnless cultivars have been bred: ‘Modern’ (2011), ‘Kontrast’ (2019), ‘Krechet’ (2020), ‘Iner’ (2021), and ‘Herkules’ (2021); in addition, a new awnless cultivar, ‘Yarets (2023)’ has been submitted for qualifying examination. The first Ukrainian awnless cultivar, ‘Modern’, was high-yielding and resistant to smut pathogens (9 points), but not sufficiently resistant to Helminthosporium diseases (7 points) and lodging (7.8 points). Owing to further breeding for awnlessness, other awnless cultivars are not only high-yielding and smut-resistant, like cv. ‘Modern’, but also have other improved characteristics. Their plants are short (60-62 cm), resistant to lodging (9 points), drought (9 points), and Helminthosporium diseases (8-9 points). In 2023-2024, the best 32 lines have been selected.