Retrograde Filling Materials Used in Endodontic Surgery: An Article Review

Background Periapical surgery is used to treat teeth with persistent Periapical lesions when standard endodontic therapy is ineffective.The use of high-quality retrograde filling materials, particularly recently developed ones, has improved the prognosis of Periapical surgery because retrograde filling materials are used to achieve a strong apical seal and decrease the rate of failure.Objective the purpose of this article is to provide a list of the retrograde filling materials that are currently on the market, along with information about their history of appearance, chemical and mechanical characteristics, benefits and drawbacks, success rate, and comparisons between them to determine which material is best for achieving the desired outcome and stop microleakage, which is the main reason surgical endodontic treatment fails.Materials and Methods In 2022, an electronic search was carried out using the terms retrograde filling material, endodontic surgery, bioceramic material, and glassionomer cement.60 articles and studies on this topic have been reviewed, focusing on work done between 2014 and 2022.The abstracts of some of these articles and most others have been read to get to the studies findings.Results Several materials have been introduced as retrograde fillings; each has pros and cons, examples include amalgam, zinc oxide eugenol, composite, glass ionomer material (GIC), and bioceramic restorative material.Multiple studies have been conducted to compare these materials by examining their effects over various periods, and each has presented its findings.Conclusion After reviewing these studies, I concluded that bioceramic restorative materials were the best choice for retrograde filling because the majority of studies demonstrated their superiority to the others.