Fundamental research on Antibody-Drug Conjugates and their applications in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies

Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a promising targeted therapy for cancer, combining the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy agents. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental mechanisms, clinical applications, and potential future developments of ADCs in the treatment of both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. ADCs work by selectively targeting cancer cells through specific antigens, delivering cytotoxic drugs directly into these cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. Key components, including the choice of antibodies, cytotoxic payloads, and linkers, are discussed in detail to highlight their roles in optimizing ADC efficacy. The clinical success of various ADCs, such as Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in acute myeloid leukemia and Ado-trastuzumab emtansine in HER2-positive breast cancer, underscores their potential in improving patient outcomes. However, challenges such as toxicity and drug resistance remain, necessitating further research.