The experience of using immunohistochemical studies in the practical activities of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Republic of Tyva “Republican Oncological Dispensary”

Abstract. Relevance. Cancer incidence is an important health problem, continues to grow worldwide and ranks second in the structure of morbidity after cardiovascular diseases. According to Rosstat, from 2013 to 2023 in Russia, the average annual growth rate of malignant neoplasms is 1.18%, and the increase over a 10-year period reached 12.64%. This is primarily due to the development of medicine, improved diagnosis and accounting of diseases. Purposes. To analyze the performance of immunohistochemical studies in the Republic of Tyva in 2023-2024. Materials and methods. Immunohistochemical studies were performed in 218 patients using 8 clones of antibodies to estrogen and progesterone receptors, Cytokeratin 5 and 7, HER2/NEU, Ki-67, TTF1 and p63. Results. From 2023 to 2024, 128 immunohistochemical studies of newly diagnosed breast cancer in women aged 36 to 86 years were performed. In the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign breast formations, only in 24% of cases the initial signs of cancer invasion in situ were detected. In 21 patients with malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, the HER2 status was negative. In all 19 cases of lung cancer, adenocarcinoma was more common than squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions. In 2023-2024, in the practical activities of the State Medical Institution of the Republic of Tyva "Republican Oncological Dispensary", there has been a significant increase in both the number of immunohistochemical studies performed and the number of patients to whom they were performed. The obtained data make it possible to determine the immune phenotype of the tumor, which plays an important role in choosing a treatment strategy in the practical activities of the State Medical Institution of Republic of Tyva "Republican Oncological Dispensary".