Relationship of self-efficacy and physical activity with cognitive level in older adults with type 2 diabetes

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the mental, self-efficacy, and physical activity levels of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and examine the factors affecting the cognitive level. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was designed with a sample of 170 older adults. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Standardized Mini-Mental Test (SMMT), the Type 2 Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Results: The mean cognitive level score of the participants was 22.99 ± 5.36. It was found that the total physical activity score, total self-efficacy score, and the self-efficacy sub-dimensions of diet and diabetic foot control, medical treatment, and physical exercise explained 84.9% of the variance in cognitive level (Adjusted R² = 0.849). A statistically significant difference was found in total physical activity, total self-efficacy, and the self-efficacy sub-dimensions of diet and diabetic foot control, medical treatment, and physical exercise between older adults with and without cognitive impairment. These influential factors were found to explain 89.2% of the variance in cognitive level. Conclusion: Total physical activity, overall self-efficacy, and self-efficacy sub-dimension scores were found to influence the cognitive levels of older adults. Thus, risk groups can be identified among elderly individuals with Type 2 DM regarding cognitive levels, allowing for targeted monitoring of these individuals. The results of this study may offer valuable insights for planning interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy and physical activity, both of which are associated with cognitive levels.