ENERGY EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN THE GROWING ORGANISM OF FIRST- AND SECOND-YEAR STUDENTS

Studying at a university is a complex and lengthy process that requires a lot of effort from all body systems. The first year is a special period: former schoolchildren, accustomed to a certain system, entering a university, face new forms and methods of teaching, new emotional experiences, their work and rest, sleep, and nutrition regimes change. There is a need to adapt to a new team, new teachers. At the same time, the functional abilities of the body of first-year students are reduced, since most of them had to pass important exams and did not have enough summer rest. One of the most important problems of education in a modern university is the adaptation of students to the academic load. A multi-level functional system of adaptation is formed by the interaction and mutual influence of physiological and psychological components of adaptive reactions. The contribution of each of these components is determined by the ratio of two goals of adaptation - maintaining homeostasis and performing activity tasks. It is known that during the period of study at a university, students are exposed to a number of both non-specific (climatic-geographical, environmental) and specific factors (age, physiological and psychological characteristics, emotional overload, sedentary lifestyle): adaptation to a set of new factors is accompanied by significant stress on the compensatory-adaptive systems of the students' body. These issues are most relevant for maintaining the health of students, as the most active creative part of the nation. Students are a reserve of highly qualified specialists for various sectors of the national economy, determining the labor and intellectual potential of the country, reproduction and health of the future generation in the coming years. The process of adaptation to studying at a university is a very complex, multifaceted phenomenon. The period of acute adaptation, according to many researchers, falls on the first and second years of university. Its duration is determined by the individual characteristics of the student, including abilities, mental attitudes, financial security and, of course, health. The degree of expenditure of physiological and mental resources of the human body to perform specific work, balancing with the external environment is described by the parameters of the current functional state.