Comprehensive management of actinomycetoma in a young male: A case report from Somalia

Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease that predominantly affects individuals in low socioeconomic strata, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. This case report describes a 20-year-old male student from Bahdo City, Somalia, who presented with a persistent cervical mass following a history of trauma. The patient exhibited vital signs within normal limits, and imaging studies, including ultrasound and computed tomography, revealed well-defined cystic masses. A Fine Needle Aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis of actinomycetoma by revealing sheets of neutrophils, multinucleated giant cells, and branching filamentous bacteria structures. The patient was treated with co-trimoxazole and amikacin, resulting in significant improvement after three months, highlighting the critical role of early diagnosis and appropriate medical management in enhancing patient outcomes. This report emphasizes the importance of thorough clinical evaluation and the use of cytological methods, particularly in resource-limited settings, to expedite the diagnosis and treatment of actinomycetoma.