Acute Myeloid Leukemia Overview With Focus On Small Molecules Treatment

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most prevalent subtype of acute leukemia in adults, posing crucial challenges in terms of prognosis, treatment, and relapse. This is particularly evident in elderly patients, who frequently present with comorbidities that complicate their clinical management. This paper examines small molecule therapies that have demonstrated promise in improving AML treatment outcomes, and explores the mechanisms and clinical advancements associated with targeted therapies, including IDH inhibitors, BCL-2 antagonists, FLT3 inhibitors, menin antagonists, and E-selectin inhibitors. Highlighting the potential of combination therapies, it discusses the challenge of treatment resistance, noting that innovative combinations can significantly improve therapeutic efficacy and patient response rates. The result indicates that IDH inhibitors can achieve response rates exceeding 40%, while FLT3 inhibitors have been associated with improved overall survival by approximately 30% when used in conjunction with standard chemotherapy regimens. This paper ultimately contributes to a deeper comprehension of the role of small molecule therapies in AML, thus, underscoring their therapeutic value to improve patient outcomes significantly and provide insights for future research directions in the field.