Evaluation of the application value of Yttrium-90 in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly forms of liver cancer worldwide, with limited treatment options available, especially in advanced stages. As a focused therapeutic method, Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization has showed promise recently, providing liver cancers with localized radiation therapy while limiting injury to healthy tissues. Research has indicated that Y-90 therapy can enhance overall survival rates and quality of life in patients with HCC at different stages. This makes it a viable substitute for conventional treatments such systemic chemotherapy or surgery. There are still gaps in our knowledge of the best patient selection criteria and long-term outcomes for Y-90 therapy, though. The therapeutic mechanisms, clinical uses, and results of Y-90 radioembolization in the treatment of early, intermediate, and advanced stages of HCC are examined in this article. The results show that Y-90 is useful in downstaging tumors, allowing early-stage patients a bridge to liver transplantation, and in intermediate-stage HCC patients better local control and fewer side effects than standard treatments. Y-90 therapy is a useful palliative alternative for individuals whose disease has progressed, as it prolongs survival and reduces symptoms. The research emphasizes how crucial patient selection and customized dosimetry are to maximizing Y-90 results. Unanswered questions about patient selection criteria and long-term consequences point to the need for more research aimed at maximizing Y-90's safety and effectiveness across a range of clinical populations.