Mechanisms and Clinical Management of Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism: Challenges and Advances

Cancer-associated thromboembolism (CAT) is a common and highly lethal complication in cancer patients. Tumors and their treatment increase the risk of thrombosis in patients. This article provides a systematic review of the mechanisms of CAT, the mechanism of action of anticoagulant drugs, and their use in the treatment of CAT. Low molecular heparin (LMWH) and new oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the main therapeutic options recommended by current guidelines. However, in specific patient populations, it is important to individualize the treatment regimen. Recurrent thrombotic and bleeding complications are major challenges in the management of CAT, and future research should focus on optimizing individualized anticoagulation strategies, exploring novel agents, and multimodal combinations to further improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of adverse events, so that the prognosis and quality of life of patients who suffered from cancers can be upgraded a lot.