LVEF and Heart Failure: Evidence for Non-Linear Connection in a Secondary Analysis Based on a Cross-Sectional Study in Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between ejection fraction (EF) and heart failure (HF) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, it was found that the relationship between LVEF and HF was stable and consistent through different adjustment models. When LVEF was increased to >50%, the risk of heart failure was reduced by 31% compared to patients with LVEF <50%. There was a non-linear saturation effect between LVEF and HF, and the incidence of HF was gradually increased with the decrease of LVEF. On the left side of inflection 55%, LVEF was negatively correlated with HF, but the correlation was not statistically significant on the right side of inflection 55%. Conclusion: In patients with MI after PCI, LVEF and HF showed a non-linear relationship. When LVEF was less than 55%, LVEF was negatively correlated with HF, and the risk of HF occurrence was increased with the decrease of LVEF. Therefore, LVEF can be used as a major index to predict HF after PCI.