Chronic Care Model Impact on Type 2 Diabetes Care in Primary Care Setting in the Gulf Countries: A Scoping Literature Review

Background: The Chronic Care Model (CCM) improves glycemic management, blood pressure, lipid profile, and complication rate at a lower cost. Objective: This study aimed to investigate how implementing CCM principles may improve the quality of care for people with type 2 diabetes in the primary care setting in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. Methods: The search included Medline Central, Embase, Science Direct, Cochrane, Scopus, and gray literature. The search covered the period from January 1999 to March 2023. Then, the formulation of the data occurred. Results: The largest number of studies assessing the components of the Collaborative Chronic Care Model (CCM) were conducted in Kuwait, while Oman only conducted one study. Two studies conducted in Gulf countries, specifically Qatar and Saudi Arabia, covered all elements of CCM. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) had the largest number of participants in its studies. Most studies focused on self-care management practices, while decision support received the least attention. Conclusion: CCM had a significant positive effect by controlling HbA1c level, Blood pressure, and lipid profile, and is considered an important aspect of managing type 2 diabetes in primary care settings. The effectiveness of self-care management is influenced by factors such as patient literacy and awareness of the symptoms and complications associated with type 2 diabetes. Improving patient and healthcare provider participation and empowering patients are two key components of promoting self-care management among patients with type 2 diabetes.