Evaluation of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles (BiONPs) as a Potential Contrast Agent in Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging

The limitations of iodinated-based contrast media in computed tomography (CT) imaging have prompted studies into alternative contrast agents. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles (BiONPs) have emerged as a potential contrast agent due to their high X-ray attenuation, low toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. This study evaluates the efficacy of BiONPs as a contrast agent in CT imaging compared to traditional iodine-based contrast agents. A phantom study was conducted using synthesized BiONPs and iodine contrast agents (ICA) at a range of concentrations (0.05 to 1.0 mmol/L). The phantom was scanned with a CT scanner using 120 kVp tube potential and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated to determine the contrast enhancement. The findings show that BiONPs demonstrated superior CNR values compared to iodine contrast agents at all concentrations tested. Specifically, at 0.5 mmol/L, BiONPs achieved a mean CNR of 161.70, significantly higher than iodine’s 51.47 (p < 0.05). Similar trends were observed at lower concentrations, with BiONPs consistently outperforming ICA. The findings highlight the BiONPs as an effective alternative to ICA, particularly at lower concentrations. This study highlights the capability of BiONPs to provide superior image contrast in CT imaging compared to conventional ICA. Its consistent performance across variations of concentration emphasizes its potential for improving diagnostic accuracy in CT imaging.