The Emergence and Governance of Criminal Gangs in El Salvador

El Salvador, a nation marked by stunning landscapes and rich culture, is also notorious for its violent street gangs, which leads to the significance of this study that lies in its examination of the dual facets of the gang phenomenon: their emergence and their governance. To investigate the emergence and governance of criminal gangs in El Salvador, this study focuses on how historical, socio-political, and economic factors have contributed to gang violence, particularly the rise of MS-13 and Barrio 18. Utilizing Strain Theory as the theoretical framework, the study underscores how societal pressures such as inequality and unemployment push individuals toward gang involvement. Comparing El Salvadors "mano dura" policies with similar efforts in Honduras, the study reveals the challenges and limitations of relying on punitive measures if they never address deeper social and economic issues. The analysis of this study emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that combines law enforcement with preventive strategies to tackle this issue.