New understanding of the systematic relation to the etiology of dental caries

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, affecting over half of the global population. The incidence and prevalence of caries have significantly increased in modern times. Various theories have been proposed to explain the etiopathogenesis of dental caries, but many questions remain unanswered despite their popularity. A healthy tooth is well-designed to withstand a harsh oral environment, as it cleanses itself from the inside out. Dental caries indicate that the tooth's fluid flow has been halted or reversed, compromising its defenses. The local process of enamel demineralization by bacterial acid is significantly influenced by nutrition, especially refined carbohydrates like sugar. However, the vulnerability of the tooth begins in the hypothalamus, where changes are initiated in the dentinal fluid flow. Therefore, nutrition plays a crucial role in both the systemic and local aspects of this process. The systemic concept of dental caries recognizes that the process is multifactorial. While reducing sugar intake and oral bacteria counts is important, enhancing the body's defenses with an antioxidant-rich diet, including fruits, vegetables, and vitamin K2, may be even more vital in reducing vulnerability to caries. This systemic approach represents a significant paradigm shift from the traditional 'acid theory' of dental caries, which focused primarily on the local effects of bacterial acid on tooth enamel. Acknowledging the multifactorial nature of dental caries has important implications for future prevention efforts. Instead of solely focusing on reducing sugar consumption and bacterial counts, promoting a diet rich in antioxidants and essential nutrients can strengthen the body's defenses against caries. This holistic approach could lead to more effective strategies for preventing dental caries and improving overall oral health.