Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of meropenem and fosfomycin combinations in <i>in vitro</i> time–kill and hollow-fibre infection models against multidrug-resistant and carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>

Meropenem and fosfomycin exhibited additive or synergistic potential against carbapenemase-expressing single- or double-resistant K. pneumoniae at clinically achievable concentrations. This combination therapy may offer a strategy against MDR infections, possibly improving clinical treatment outcomes. Further in vivo research is needed to translate these findings into clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of PK/PD modelling in rationalizing antibiotic use.