Estimation of Heritability, Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation of Head and Neck Traits of Egyptian Arabian Colts

Morphometric characteristics of the head and neck are distinctive breed features in Egyptian Arabian horses, yet their heritability patterns remain incompletely characterized. This study investigated ten morphometric traits in 91 purebred Egyptian Arabian colts, one year old, at El Zahraa stud. The colts were progeny of 13 sires that were also found in El Zahraa stud. The measurements of the head and neck were obtained using calibrated tape to estimate ten measurements, encompassing seven head measurements (head length, muzzle circumference, left ear length, forehead length, eye-to-mouth length, jaw length, and jaw width) and three neck measurements (neck length, throat latch, and neck base circumference). This study aimed to investigate the influence of Arabian sires on the inheritance of head and neck traits in their foals and to estimate some genetic parameters such as heritability, genetic and phenotypic variance, and correlation among different head and neck traits of yearly Arabian colts. Results revealed a significant effect of sire component on specific morphometric traits, which allowed the identification of better breeding stock for specific trait improvement. These findings provide valuable insights for developing selective breeding strategies aimed at preserving and enhancing characteristic head and neck features in Egyptian Arabian horses. Moreover, this approach will further enhance understanding of Arabian horse genetics and improve breeding program outcomes.