Hybrid Multi-Stage Hydro-Matrix and PV Solar Cell in a Real Grid for Minimizing Electricity Consumption and Avoiding Voltage Issues

This paper describes a novel method for avoiding voltage minimization while feeding dynamic loads into a real grid in Egypt. This method is based on using a hybrid multi-stage renewable energy source that is connected to an isolated load or utility grid via a DC bus. Furthermore, this multi-stage hybrid system consists of multi-stage hydro-matrix power water wheels combining three large water wheels and a multi-stage PV solar system. The output voltage from the first multi-stage hydro- matrix is converted to a DC voltage before being connected to the DC output voltage from the second multi-stage PV solar system via a DC bus. In this hybrid system, the multi-stage hydro matrix wheels consist of three undershot water wheels coupled with an induction generator to generate about 20 KW of output power. The multi-stage PV solar system consists of eight parallel strings; with each string containing fourteen series modules to generate about 3.5 KW from each string, and overall power generated is about 28 KW. Furthermore, the hybrid multi-stage renewable system has been supported by a controlled battery system to give better performance during low water speeds, PV solar cell temperatures, and irradiance variations. Finally, the considered hybrid multi-stage system can feed all types of loads around main channels of the River Nile in Egypt, avoiding the problems of low power factor and voltage minimization.