Evaluation of the Effect of Encased Stone Columns Technique in Liquefaction Mitigation of Sandy Soil Using UBC3D-PLM Model

Liquefaction of sandy soil during earthquakes poses a significant risk to infrastructure, leading to severe ground deformation and structural failure. The encased stone column (ESC) is a promising ground improvement technique to mitigate this phenomenon. This study utilized two-dimensional Finite Element analyses using PLAXIS 2D software with the UBC3D-PLM model to evaluate the ESC technique's efficacy. The research deals with the role of encased stone columns in mitigating liquefaction at different permeabilities, with a strong focus on their effectiveness in reducing excess pore pressure at various depths. The numerical study used the 1940 El Centro earthquake data to assess liquefaction potential. The results showed a significant reduction in excess pore pressure and soil stability with ESCs.Also, the technique of ESC demonstrates their superior performance over traditional stone columns. ESCs enhanced ground stability by reducing the settlement of the soil, making them a more effective solution for liquefaction mitigation in sandy soils. Furthermore, it was found that the higher permeability in the stone columns helps to dissipate pore pressure more effectively, thereby reducing the risk of liquefaction. These findings provide valuable insights for engineering practice, enhancing the safety and resilience of infrastructure against seismic hazards.